Liberation Theology Essay - 865 Words

Jeremy Partin I. Title Page II. Thesis Page III. Introduction Liberation theology in Latin America was first introduced in the late 1960’s, although it became famous after the writing of Gustavo Gutierrez. The roots of liberation theology can be traced back to Europe because Catholic priests were sent there to go to school. It was there where they became radicalized and sent back to Latin America. This radicalization led many to start thinking differently, including Gutierrez. He and others wanted to be independent from the usual European Catholic style. They wanted to create their own theology for their culture. They believed that they should have their own institution to teach their own beliefs to their own people. With these new†¦show more content†¦It was a way of thinking and interpreting the bible. However it ended up being more than that. It analyzed history from different perspectives and acknowledged Marxism thoughts. (V.A.1) One main purpose of liberation theology was to help the poor. Gustavo Gutierrez coined the term liberation theology, and is considered to be the father of it to most people. He believed praxis was the starting point. Theology was the second stage. This was basically a practice of theory. Praxis involved taking action for the poor and the oppressed. The start of this new was caused from various reasons. One reason was that all bishops were sent to Europe to be educated. When they came back, they would be radicalized. Latin Americans wanted their own schooling for priests. They didn’t want European ideas; they wanted their ideas from their culture. Another big problem was poverty and human rights. Most Latin Americans were poverty stricken. Most countries in Latin America didn’t have any human rights. Therefore one their main focuses was social injustice. (V.A.1) During their time period, many theologians were criticized or harassed. For example, there were fifteen attempts to assassinate Dom Helder Camera, who was a significant figure in liberation theology. Many were threatened. Some were arrested, tortured, or killed. While there were others who just disappeared. However they still practiced their beliefs and spread their ideas. (V.B.2) One problem withShow MoreRelatedLiberation Theology Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction According to Enns (2008), liberation theology attempts to infer the holy writ through the plight of the poor. This movement originated from South America in the early 1950s when Marxism was the most popular theory among the poor. It was a response to the ill-treatment and poverty facing the ordinary people. It dealt with the issue of distribution of wealth among people in order to upgrade the economic status in life. This movement had strong Romanian Catholic roots bolstered in ColombiaRead MoreBlack Liberation Theology Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Liberation Theology can be defined as the relationship that blacks have with god in their struggle to end oppression. It sees god as a god of history and the liberator of the oppressed from bondage. Black Liberation theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggle daily under the oppression of whites. Because of slavery, blacks concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved the m. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, theRead MoreBlack Liberation Theology Essay1819 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Liberation Theology can be defined as the relationship that blacks have with god in their struggle to end oppression. It sees god as a god of history and the liberator of the oppressed from bondage. Black Liberation theology views God and Christianity as a gospel relevant to blacks who struggle daily under the oppression of whites. Because of slavery, blacks concept of God was totally different from the masters who enslaved them. White Christians saw god as more of a spiritual savior, theRead MoreAfrican Women s Liberation Theology Essay2365 Words   |  10 PagesDISSERTATION AFRICAN WOMEN IN LIBERATION THEOLOGY Literature Review Liberation theology is the fulfilment and deliverance of theology from the instance of positioning it in real situations in life into the centre of the battle. Liberation theology desires to bring excessive religious zeal which fails to identify the quality of declaring God who created all man equal but is disinterested about their existence. McCall says â€Å"Liberation theology represents attempts to move theology from the abstract to practicalRead More Liberation Theology Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesLiberation Theology Liberation theology is situational. The emergence of liberation theology and the interpretation of the Bible under liberation theology stems directly to the participants place in society. As the title suggests, liberation theology interprets the Bible as a document of hope that will give strength and validity to a struggle against an oppressor. Liberation theology rises out of a new political consciousness. The oppressed people have to realize they are oppressed and that theRead MoreLiberation Theology Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagestouching on the ideas of James Cone’s ideas on Liberation Theology and the relationship between the Cross and the Lynching Tree, our group decided to focus the topic of our presentation around Liberation Theology. However, in order to create a counter argument to stimulate further discourse, we introduced the Theology of Prosperity, as an opposing theological concept, to our presentation. Hence, we came up with the topic of Liberation Theology vs. Theology of Prosperity. Firstly, it was necessaryRead MoreEssay about Liberation Theology796 Words   |  4 PagesLiberation Theology I see [liberation theology] as a theology of the people, rather than of professional theologians; rising out of the cries of the oppressed; refined in the experience of those who may not even be able to read and write; clarified in thousands of base communities; embodied in lives that risk everything to be faithful to the good news that God hears their cry, sides with them in their distress, and works with them for liberation- a liberation in which they play a central roleRead MoreEssay on Oscar Romero, Liberation Theology and the Catholic Church3831 Words   |  16 PagesOscar Romero, Liberation Theology and the Catholic Church In the post-World War II era, the globe was polarized by two idealistically divergent superpowers; the United States and the Soviet Union, two nations that strived to promote capitalism and communism, respectively, throughout the globe. Nowhere was this struggle more apparent than in developing countries with shaky political and economic backbones. Specifically, in Latin America the old, corrupt and often totalitarian regimes were threatenedRead MoreAnalysis Of Gustavo Gutierrezs Theology Of Liberation1850 Words   |  8 PagesLiberation theology calls followers of Jesus to work together to create a just society that brings change and align themselves with the oppressed. All of my sources Gustavo Gutierrez, Paul Farmer, and Sohail Hasmi place defending the rights of the poor as a central aspects of their arguments. Which is why I am led to believe that my sources could come together, even if they have different point of views. In Gustavo Gutierrez’s Theology of Liberation, he argues this theology is about committing toRead MoreEssay on Liberation Theology in Latin America1734 Words   |  7 Pagesgroups of individuals in an attempt to change the social structure of their respective countries. In turn, these popular movements led to the rise of dictatorships aimed to control the people and protect the desires of the country (Introducing Liberation Theology). The social, political, and economical atmosphere of this time proved prime for religious change and new ideals. In the early 1960’s, the churches in Latin America experienced a much-needed sense of revitalization. The church eagerly sought

What Is Super Key in Dbms - 1071 Words

What Is Super Key In Dbms? Superkey - A superkey is defined in the relational model as a set ofattributes of a relation variable (relvar) for which it holds that inall relations assigned to that variable there are no two distincttuples (rows) that have the same values for the attributes... in Software What Is Super Key In Dbms Give Example? A superkey is a combination of attributes that can be uniquely used to identify a database record.With primary key if any other attribute is added then that combination is called super key in other words,primary key is the minimum possible... in SQL Databases What Is The Primary Key, Super Key, Foreign Key And†¦show more content†¦An attribute alone that can identify uniquely in a relation is called Primary Key. There can be several key s in a given relation, that can be identified uniquely. Those can be called Candidate keys. Great Answer Not Helpful Report Ruwindada 9 months ago [pic] 0 Super key is a subset of candidate key.it may be or may not be irreduceable. Great Answer Not Helpful Report Girl_cool 9 months ago [pic] 0 A super key is the set of one or more attribute that allow us to identify uniquely entity in an entity set. E.g the customer_id attribute of the entity set customer is sufficient to distinguish one customer entity from another. Great Answer Not Helpful Report Guest 6 months ago Ads by Google †¢ Chrysler Skim Code Reader Read and Re-Program Skim Modules CAN and NON CAN www.getskim.com Levels of abstractions †¢ Database Management WinSQL - A Homogeneous Solution for Heterogeneous Environment. www.synametrics.com [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]Find Answers for: Discuss The Different Levels Of Abstraction In A Database Management System [pic] 0 There are views as to how users see the relevant data. Levels of abstraction include single conceptual or logical schema and the physical schema. Basically the Conceptual Schema within a Database Management System defines logical structure while physical schema defines/describes the indexes and flies used. ConceptualShow MoreRelatedDatabase Analysis : Database Management System933 Words   |  4 Pagesallows users to search information in an organized collection that is useful. In addition to documents, information can be in the form of audio, images, and video. With database software often called database management system (DBMS) users create a computerized database. DBMS users can add, modify, and delete data in the database; create forms and reports from the data in the database. Most organizations realize that data is one of their more valuable assets. At many organizations for example BoutwellRead MoreData Base Management System13582 Words   |  55 Pagesan attribute of the entity order. * Every record in a file should contain at least one field that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that the record can be retrieved, updated, or sorted. * This identifier field is called a key field r, which can be a letter, a number, or another symbol. A grou The Data Hierarchy Entities and Attributesing ers into a word, a group of words, or a completeRead MoreDatabase Management Systems and the Growth of the Internet Essay examples1971 Words   |  8 PagesDatabase Management Systems (DBMS). From its birth in the last century, the way computers process information has grown and expanded to a point that would have been hard to imagine for the early programmers. This growth actually spurred on the growth of the telecommunications industry. Carrier systems have grown with the advancing march of computers in general, but the huge amount of data required by DBMS created a need for massive carrier capability and the birth of what we call the internet (GradRead MoreRural Banking in Nigeria, Issues and Challenges (a Case Study of Wema Bank of Nigeria Plc3261 Words   |  14 Pagescommercial relational product was Oracle’s DBMS and was released in 1980. The relational model has been successfully adopted for transaction processing in numerous organizations and support most of the major database systems in commercial use today. Its ability to handle efficiently simple data types, its powerful query language, and its good protection of data from programming errors make it an effective model. 1. statement of the problem/ limitation âž ¢ DBMS are expensive products, complex andRead MoreIs582 Final Exam Study Guide1116 Words   |  5 PagesSo please be VERY mindful of proper citation.   8. Some of the key study areas are as follows: (while these are key areas remember that the exam is comprehensive for all the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. 1. Database Modeling 2. Entities, attributes, identifiers, and keys 3. Entity Relationship Design concepts 4. Relationships, including, but not limited to, subtype-super type and recursive relationships. 5. Normalization including relationsRead MoreBig Data Vs. Public Sector Organizations Essay2516 Words   |  11 PagesIn economically uncertain times, many businesses and public sector organizations have come to appreciate that the key to better decisions, more effective customer or citizen engagement, sharper competitive edge, hyper efficient operations and compelling product and service development is data — and lots of it (Cameron McNaught,2010). Today the situation they face is not any shortage of that raw material. In a way that the wealth of unstructured online data alone has swollen the already torrentialRead MoreDatabase Management Systems4660 Words   |  19 Pagesorganizational issues and needs and developed conceptual, logical, and physical designs of DBMS solution. In order to implement the solution, substantial research had been done on best practices in design, available products, and the legal and ethical standards to which we must adhere during design. 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A basic inquiry likes what number of shoppers of widgets is there in New York?† may oblige a huge number of information square I/os, and a lot of registering force. Indeed with today’s super quick machine frameworks and super shabby circle space, the choice help supportive network or master framework must have the capacity to have this data accessible at the fingertips of

Business Practices Essay Example For Students

Business Practices Essay Companies must have satisfied employees to satisfy customers. Continental Airlines is a perfect example of how a company can succeed by putting the emphasis on the employees and customers. Continental demonstrates remarkable turnaround from a disastrous performance. In the early 1980s, the management of Continental believed that the only way to save the company was to lower airfares, and to reduce all possible expenses. In doing so, it demolished the product and their quality of service. For instance, in the early 1990s, pilots could earn bonuses if the fuel burn rate on their airplane fell below a specific amount. The program motivated pilots to fly slowly, which often resulted in missed arrival times. Because of the delays, it was sometimes necessary to divert customers to the competition. Another example of this horrible low-cost approach was the CALite program. Continental replaced all first-class seats in some airplanes with coach seats to lower the cost-per-seat. This failed when airplanes were swapped during adverse weather conditions; the business class seats were not available to the passengers that had paid for them. Moreover, CALite eliminated all food on flights, all travel agent commissions, and all corporate discounts. This infuria ted many of their very important customers. After 15 years of this low-cost approach, Continental had succeeded in creating services that nobody wanted. Continentals organizational culture was terrible. Many of the employees felt ashamed to work for Continental. Some employees were so ashamed, that they removed the logo from their shirts. To make matters worse, Continental had put in place a horrible communication structure: Nothing was told to the employees unless it was absolutely necessary. Most employees found out about company activities, plans, and performance through the public press. They did not have ways to share their ideas nor ask questions. For example, if an employee came up with an idea for improving service for the first-class passengers, there was a useless form to fill out. The information was hardly ever collected, and was never used as a source of possible improvements for the company. Furthermore, there were so many rules to follow that employees could not possi bly do what was the best for customers. The Department of Transportation ranked Continental tenth out of the ten largest U.S. airlines in all key customer service. Especially abysmal scores for on-time arrivals, baggage handling, customer complaints, and voluntary denied boarding. Continental had been through two bankruptcies and ten presidents over ten years. It also had not posted any profit since 1978. The Go Forward plan was implemented under Gordon Bethune, Continentals chairman and CEO, and Greg Brenneman, president and COO. This plan had four components: (1) Fly To Win as a marketing plan, (2) Fund The Future as a financial plan, (3) Make Reliability A Reality as a product plan, and (4) Working Together as a people plan. In Fly To Win, the plan was designed to build up Houston, Newark and Cleveland markets by drawing more business fliers than leisure fliers. The Fund The Future was designed to restrict the balance sheet to gain liquidity and to sell on strategic assets. The Make Reliability A Reality showed business travelers that Continental is reliable and regained trust and confidence of customers. Finally, with Working Together, the purpose was to change Continentals organizational culture to an environment in which people enjoy working together for the company. With Go Forward plan, Continental begged forgiveness from the customers they had previously treated poorly. The f orgiveness campaign had two parts. First, they collected angry letters from customers and then divided them amongst the officers-executives through the rank of vice president. Furthermore, Continental assigned one officer to each city in their system. Then they started making phone calls. The goal was not only to apologize, but also to explain their plans to fix the company. Each phone call took easily an hour, since the customer was invariably frustrated and wanted to let them know just how badly. Customers usually appreciated the time and effort. To improve the level of customer satisfaction, Continental concentrated on what frequent business users had to say. These customers regularly paid full fare and traveled often. Their demands were simple: airplanes and terminals that are safe, comfortable, and attractive. Other concerns were on-time flights reliable baggage handling, and good food at mealtimes. With the exception of safety, Continental had failed on all of these accounts m iserably. The first thing they did was painting the exteriors of every airplane to match the interior. All the carpets in the airport terminals were replaced. The old Continental logo was redesigned as well. The renovation was completed in six months. Continental received high marks from customers and employees. In fact, many of them could perceive Continental was changing visibly. To assure on-time arrivals, flight schedules were rewritten by the Department of Transportation according to what pilots and airport operators advised. Continental also offered employees a reward: For every month, each employee would receive $65, if the company finished in the top five out of ten airlines in on-time performances as measured by DOT. With in months, most flights were on time and regularly finishing in the first place. The food policy was adjusted to reflect the time of the day, length of flights, and class of service. For instance, the breakfast is now served on 7:00 A.M. Nowadays, the firs t-class meals consist of items like fresh pasta, soups, sandwiches, and freshly baked cinnamon rolls. In 1995, Continental made a profit of $224 million, and in1996 it more than doubled that. Early Western Civilization A Gift of Peace from th EssayFinally, Continental had to regain the faith the employees had lost in the company. The company needed to establish new culture, where employees are liberated and can perform effectively. Establishing communication with employees was the most significant element in the new Continental culture. It began with replacing 50 of the 61 officers with 20 new individuals, who were people-oriented and team players. Thus, officers are now more accessible to employees. There are bulletin boards throughout the system to inform the employees of daily news. Newspapers and magazines are published to inform what is happening in the company. Officers of Continental hold an open house every month for employees to get answers to the questions they have. A 24-hour hotline was put in place to handle employees suggestions and to improve employee involvement. Continental set up incentive plans for employees, for example, employees can earn up to 15% of Continentals profit. The sales forces receive payments linked to the gains in revenue from business travelers. Reservation agents receive bonuses based on responsiveness and the number of completed calls. As a result, the proportion of customer reservation calls answered within 20 seconds jumped from 20 percent to more than 90 percent, the best in the industry. In 1999, Continental was named one of the Best Companies to Work for in America by Fortune magazine. Through hard work and open-minded policies Continental has pulled back from their nosedive. Continentals new focus on employee and customer satisfaction has resulted record profits and shareholder satisfaction. The basic principles of marketing mix (Product, Price, Promotion, and Place) were applied with great success. Continental illustrates the point that the 5th P, or People, is truly the most important. Sources1. Flynn, Gillian, A flight plan for success, Workforce, Jul 97,Vol.76 Issue 7, p72, 2. Puffer, Sheila M, Continental Airlines CEO Gordon Bethune on teams and new product development, Academy of Management Executive, Aug 99, Vol. 13 Issue3, p283. Brenneman, Greg, Continental Airline Holdings Inc.: organizational change, Management: airlines-Management, Harvard Business Review, Sep/Oct 98, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p162, 4. Laura Goldberg, Airlines detail how they will improve customer service, Houston Chronicle,

Multicultural Education1 Essay Example For Students

Multicultural Education1 Essay One of the major goals of the American school system is to provide all children with equal educational opportunity. However, with regard to minority students, meeting this particular objective has presented a real challenge to educators as they have been confronted with the task of reshaping education in the multilingual, multicultural society that characterizes the United States. Many significant events contributed to the need of school reform. The Civil Rights movement launched by African Americans in the 1960s, which resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, triggered major social changes in the direction of equality and justice for all. Consequently, the US Department of Education was charged to conduct a survey on availability of equal educational opportunity and to provide technical and financial assistance to school boards in carrying out plans for the desegregation of public schools (Zephir,1999:136). Changing immigration patterns also occurring since the 1960s brought educational issues to the forefront of discussion. In 1968, the first Bilingual Education act was passed in an attempt to provide short-term help to school districts with high concentrations of students from low income homes who had limited English-speaking ability (Millward,1999:47). Moreover, in 1974, the Supreme Court ruled in Lau vs. Nichols (a class action suit brought on behalf of Chinese-speaking children in San Francisco) that English-limited children who were being taught in English were certain to find their classroom experiences totally incomprehensible and in no way meaningful (Stevens,1999:108). In consequence, schools were instructed to give special help to non-English-speaking students in order to guarantee their equality under the law with students who spoke English as their first language. In short, the social movement of the 1960s gave rise to major educational changes; and it was in that context that the concept of multicultural education originated. The 1980s saw the emergence of a body of scholarship on multicultural education by progressive education activists and researchers who refused to allow schools to address their concerns by simply adding token programs and special units on famous women or famous people of color. James Banks, one of the pioneers of multicultural education, was among the first multicultural education scholars to examine schools as social systems from a multicultural context. According to Banks In order to maintain a multicultural school environment, all aspects of the school had to be examined and transformed, including policies, teachers attitudes, instructional materials, assessment methods, counseling, and teaching styles (Mitchell,1996:110). By the middle and late 1980s, other K-12 teachers-turned-scholars provided more scholarship in multicultural education, developing new, deeper frameworks that were grounded in the ideal of equal educational opportunity and a connection between school transformation and social change. Meanwhile, the cultural landscape of the United States continued to become less visibly white Christian and more visibly rich with cultural, racial, ethnic, and religious diversity, underscoring the necessity for everyone to develop a set of skills and knowledge that the present system was failing to provide all students. These included creative and critical thinking skills, intercultural competence, and social and global awareness. The education system was not only plagued by unequal treatment of traditionally oppressed groups, but was also ill-equipped to prepare even the most highly privileged students to competently participate in an increasingly diverse society. In the 21st century, at a time when it is reported that minority students already outnumber white students in twenty-five of the nations twenty-six largest urban school systems (Robson,1998:211), and when it is estimated that minority groups, taken together, will outnumber the current white majority in the overall population by 2056 (Robson,1998:211), never has the discussion about multicultural education been more intense. At the same time, never has the necessity to address the needs of non-English speaking immigrant children been more imperative. In fact, according to Mitchell and Salsbury (1996) the number of language-minority students in the United States was estimated at 9.9 million in 1994 (p.223-224). .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .postImageUrl , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:hover , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:visited , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:active { border:0!important; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:active , .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4 .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue0ec74ff0d3753f94c6f31bab0350be4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Artificial Intelligence Essay Students from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds are more likely to be disproportionately placed in special education programs and classes. Some groups of students are under-represented in special education and over-represented in programs for gifted and talented students. Such disproportionate representation of minority groups is an ongoing national problem. Disproportionate representation is a complex problem, and fixing it .